• I liked “Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times” by Kline.
• “The History and Concept of Mathematical Proof” by Krantz (formerly from Penn State!) looks interesting.
• “Proof: A Brief Historical Survey” looks cool.
• “A History of Mathematical Proof: Ancient Greece to the Computer Age” is more formal with no pictures and diagrams, but it’s written for non-mathematicians.
• “The History of Mathematical Proof in Ancient Traditions” by Chemla is AN ENTIRE BOOK devoted to the history of proofs in many cultures.
• I love “proofs without words”. (See e.g. Wikipedia, MAA, Sangaku)
• The aptly titled article “Aristotle and Mathematics” is more about logic and proof than it is about mathematics.

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